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This paper reports techniques of FM demodulation in time domain. The results have shown obvious advantage of staggered tuned FM demodulator circuit over single tuned circuit. New PLL system to overcome false locking has been proposed.
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In recent years, great interest was focused on Microstrip antennas for their small volumes, low profiles, good integration, low costs and good performance. With the continuous growth of wireless communication service and the constant miniaturization of communication equipment, there are higher and higher demands for the volume of antennas, integration and working band. Circularly polarised antenna is studied by the researchers in recent years. This paper is a brief review of microstrip antenna array used for wireless communication. A small design result shows its utility.
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Wireless becomes the backbone of the business organization, educational , social , Govt and Non Govt organization success. By the advent of the information technology , wireless networks becomes the essence of the communication system. Unique properties of the wireless network made the various applications requirements . Normally Wireless networks are less efficient and unpredictable compared to wired networks, which make quality of service (QoS) provisioning a bigger challenge for wireless communications. The evergreen demand for fast delivery of large volumes of data is one of the challenging task for wireless communication technology. Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless broadband solution that offers a rich set of features with a lot of flexibility in terms of deployment options and potential service offerings. Its main objective is to provide quality with cost effectiveness. The wireless medium has limited bandwidth, higher packet error rate, and higher packet overheads that altogether limit the capacity of the network to offer guaranteed QoS.
Wi-MAX (worldwide inter-operability for microwave access) is an emerging technology for global broadband wireless system offering high speed access to mobile and broadband services. It is based on IEEE 802.16e standard. This standard only deals with MAC and PHY layer specification of network architecture. Considerable research has been done on performance analysis of PHY layer model of Wi-MAX system over AWGN channel model. This paper attempts performance analysis of IEEE 802.16e PHY layer model over AWGN. Different modulation schemes, coding rates and different values of cyclic prefix are considered for comparison using BER (Bit error rate) ratio and SNR (Signal to Noise ratio) as performance parameters.
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Researchers have argued that, recognition systems trained with gender specific speech signals outperform than corresponding systems not taking gender information into account. In this context, detection of speech signals colored with emotion remains a challenge as the emotional contents in speech signal is little understood. Recognition of gender information in speech signal is crucial in speaker annotation, speaker diarization, speaker clustering, social robots, interactive TV programming, multimedia retrieval, bio-metrics and host of other such application. One such attempt is taken here to characterize and classify speech emotions based on gender specific information using frequency informative features. Fundamental frequency, formants, magnitude and amplitude of spectrum are extracted from angry, fear and happy speech emotions for characterizing the emotions to distinguish different gender. The information is used as features for classification of speech emotions using K-means classifier. The results are promising and have provided an improved accuracy above 5% for gender specific emotion recognition as compared to corresponding gender independent speech emotion recognition.
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Phonocardiograph is a continuous, non-invasive, low cost and accurate recording and monitoring of valve functioning of heart using heart sound signal. When Hilbert Transform is directly applied, an Analytic Signal of Heart Sound Signal is obtained. In order to decipher the details of the signal, Hilbert-Huang Transform is applied on the Heart Sound Signal. The HHT has two step analyses: The first one is Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the second part is Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HSA). The HHT analysis has been applied for pre-exercise and postexercise data acquired from a subject. The subject had to go for stair-exercise (75 stepped stairs) for this purpose.
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The present paper reports interesting results on elimination of cycle slipping phenomenon in a heterodyne or a long loop PLL demodulator complicated by the presence of transmission delay in the system. The analysis has been performed in Mathematica. A novel heterodyne PLL is proposed that eliminates this annoying effect.
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Dispensaries, Hospitals and Health Care Units exist and serve to the society since a long. As the technology develops day by day the focus on health care unit became a hot spot in current research domain. Researchers have been made attention on this area since few decades. It is of a multi disciplinary research domain. In this article authors have taken a survey to acknowledge regarding the state of art and also for future development. This domain has taken birth with the help of medical science and engineering. Nevertheless the management aspect can be ignored. It depicts some of the issues along with explanation of basic components to enrich the domain of research. Finally it proposes some basic techniques to carry over the work.
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Analysis has been carried out to obtain the expression of beam current of Reflex Klystron Oscillator (RKO). The beam current has been found to contain both in phase and quadrature phase component which was overlooked by the earlier workers. These affect both the amplitude and frequency of the oscillator. Effects of delay due to various modes have been demonstrated for the first time. Effect of synchronization on the phase locking characteristics of the oscillator has also been demonstrated.
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In this a novel tracking heterodyne phase locked loop is presented with numerical simulation results. It avoids false locking, reduces noise bandwidth, improves the modulation handling capability and improves transient response considerably.
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