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In present era the importance of fast and accurate devices is on high. The ALU is a most important part of processing devices. The speed of ALU can improve by using more fast and précised multipliers. Vedic math’s is playing important role in designing a multipliers. The study of Urdhva-tiryakbhyam Sutra, Nikhilam Sura, and Booth Multiplier revels that Nikhilam Sutra is having advantage edge over other technologies. The process delay or speed of multiplication is found improved by approx 20% using Nikhilam Sutra. The use of Nikhilam Sutra of Vedic Math’s not only improves the performance of ALU but it makes it small in size and more power efficient.

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Microwave system for breast cancer detection is a promising method, based on the large contrast of electric parameters between the malignant tumor and its surrounded normal breast organisms. The comparison of the transmission characteristics of the plane wave through the normal breast media and defected breast media are taken into account to differentiate between them. The dielectric constants of defected cells are much higher than
the normal breast cells. The specific absorption ratio (SAR) of the normal and defected medium is also different which is studied in this article.

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The success of mobile communication using CDMA technology will be gainful when there is encoding sequences with good correlation properties. Spreading codes with residual number system proposed earlier did not consider external interferences, multipath propagation, Doppler Effect etc. This paper discusses the use of residual number system in generation of the PN sequences which is used to spread the message signal for CDMA technology. This RNS based PN sequence has superior performance than most of the existing codes that are widely used in DS-CDMA applications.

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The Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) for 3-Phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is presented here. The projected work investigates the Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) to eliminate harmonics produced by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverter. The selective harmonic elimination method for three phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is generally based on ideas of opposite harmonic injection. In this proposed scheme, the lower order harmonics (3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th) are eliminated by the dominant harmonics of same order generated in opposite phase by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) inverter and by using this scheme the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is reduced. Analysis of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique and Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK model.

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This paper presents a design of High gain two stage CMOS operational amplifier, which operates at ±2.5V power supply using tsmc 1um CMOS technology. The OPAMP designed has two-stages and a single ended output and is designed to exhibit a gain bandwidth of 12MHz, gain of 81.52dB with a 62 degree phase margin and 45 degree gain margin to work with a load capacitance of 10pF and have power dissipation 0.7mW. The Operational Amplifier is designed using RC Compensation for stability. Design and Simulation has been carried out in P Spice.

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The most widely used modulation technique for wireless communications is Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). To provide high data rates OFDM uses parallel data transmission system is used. Digital modulation techniques contribute in our mobile wireless communications by increasing the capacity, speed as well as the quality of the wireless network. In this paper, I concentrate on the BPSK digital modulation technique for OFDM system over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. BPSK modulation technique is simulated under different channel conditions. Subsequently, a comparison study is carried out to obtain the BER performance of BPSK- modulation scheme under AWGN and Rayleigh channel conditions, respectively and to identify which combination gives better performance. From comparison study we can observe that the OFDM- BPSK modulation has no any specific advantage over a conventional BPSK modulation scheme in AWGN channel but OFDM-BPSK modulation in AWGN channel has great advantage over OFDMBPSK modulation in Rayleigh fading channel.

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Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to convert a signal from Time domain to frequency domain and this is needed so that you can view the frequency components present in the signals. A Fourier Transform converts a wave in the time domain to the frequency domain. An FFT is an algorithm that speeds up the calculation of a DFT. In essence, an FFT is a DFT for speed. The entire purpose of an FFT is to speed up the calculations. The Decimation- In-Time radix-2 FFT using butterflies has designed. The butterfly operation is faster. The outputs of the shorter transforms are reused to compute many outputs, thus the total computational cost becomes less. An FFT is a very efficient DFT calculating algorithm. For the design of FFT the some of the different modules are used mostly Adders and Multipliers plays an important role in the design of FFT. The overall performance of the FFT is based on the throughput of the Multiplier. Here the multiplier with AHT is used to reduce the power consumption and to increase the speed of the FFT.
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Cognitive radio draw lots of research attentions in recent years for its efficient spectrum utilization. In cognitive radio networks, the first cognitive task preceding any form of dynamic spectrum management is the spectrum sensing and identification of spectrum holes in wireless environment. Spectrum Sensing is an important functionality of Cognitive Radio (CR). Accuracy and speed of estimation are the key indicators to select the appropriate spectrum sensing technique. Wideband spectrum sensing has been introduced due to the higher bandwidth demand and increasing spectrum scarcity since it provides better chance of detecting spectrum opportunity. In this project, the application of wavelet transform used for wideband spectrum opportunity detection in CRs is documented. Conventional spectrum estimation techniques which are based on Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) suffer from familiar problems such as low frequency resolution, variance and high side lobes/leakages. In this project we used statistical method wavelet algorithm to find the spectrum holes. This is the latest technology to sense the spectrum in the cognitive radio network.. In matched filter spectrum sensing obtained by correlating a known signal with an unknown signal in order to detect the existence of the known signal or template in the unknown signal. But these spectrum sensing techniques do not give good result in case of wide bandwidth so wavelet based spectrum sensing is the only solution to sense PU in case of wide bandwidth. In this paper we introduced a new technique that is statistical matched wavelet method to sense the primary users in the wideband spectrum. And this is the latest spectrum sensing method
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MPEG-4 PART 10 is an international video coding standard, jointly developed by groups from ISO/IEC and ITU-T, which aims at achieving improved compression performance. Various applications of MPEG-4 PART 10 include conversational, storage, and streaming. It also includes many advanced functionalities such as interactivities, scalabilities and Error resilience. The decoder is standardized by imposing restrictions on the bit stream and syntax, and defining the process of decoding syntax elements such that every decoder conforming to the standard will produce similar output when encoded bit stream is provided as input. It uses state of art coding tools and provides enhanced coding efficiency for a wide range of applications, including video telephony, real-time video conferencing, directbroadcast TV (television), blue-ray disc, DVB (Digital video broadcast) broadcast, streaming video and others. The paper also proposes to analyze and compare Video Quality Metrics for different encoded video sequences. The paper proposes to investigate the decoder performance on different video quality measures. The Error concealment scheme of Data Partitioning (application programming interface) is also discussed.
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In this chapter a band stop Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is investigated using Method of Moment( MOM). Unit cell of FSS is formed by cutting alternately N and rectangular slots in square patch. The proposed design is verified with experiments. The dielectric substrate is varied. The enhancement of the bandwidth and miniaturization may be adjusted keeping same periodicity throughout. The designed FSS provides 88.36% bandwidth. Theoretical investigations have been done by Ansoft® software.
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Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) has becoming main network in communication for high bandwidth and low delay. The main traffic problem is due to sharing of videos/ audios between data centers, IPTV and VoIP in which QOS are very important. Earlier many techniques has been proposed to solve this problem. So in this paper, we investigate the problem of traffic due to multicast requests with the objective of to minimize the blocking probability, delay and load. Instead of using traditional methods here new heuristic method has been utilized and two blocking models are taken into account like session blocking probability and destination blocking probability. In addition to this seqR-P and SeqR results has also been evaluated in comparison with SBP and DBP too. The results shows that SeqR-Pperforms better than seqR.
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In the recent years, automatic irrigation system has seen an interesting field of study among researchers. In this paper, an automated irrigation system is developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The system has humidity sensor, temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor, which is placed in the root zone of the plants. We proposed an efficient method in the field of irrigation systems which monitor and control the irrigation system automatically. The paper proposes an innovative GPRS(general packet radio service) and ZigBee based monitoring and controlled embedded system for irrigation. The system works automatically based on the water level in the soil, temperature and humidity in the irrigation field by reading from the sensors and can automatically irrigate the field without the involvement of farmer. Information is exchanged between far end and designed system via GPRS module. A ZigBee module is also connected with the main microcontroller chip, through which manual controlling is done when the user is within the limited range of a few meters in the designated system. The system informs users about conditions like water content in the soil, humidity in the air, variations in temperature via GPRS module or by ZigBee network.
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This paper describes a procedure for designing 5th order edge coupled Microstrip band pass filter for S-Band. The presented process includes the estimation of filter parameters using analytical formulas, determination of the order of filter, finding the corresponding low-pass prototype structure, transforming the lowpass network into a bandpass configuration, scaling the bandpass configuration in both impedance and frequency for satisfying the specifications. The filter was simulated using Ansoft designer V2.2 software and implemented using Rogers RT/duroid 6002 substrate having dielectric constant of 2.94; conductor thickness is 0.021 mm and substrate height of 0.887 mm. This filter has been designed at a center frequency of 3 GHz with 1 GHz bandwidth. The overall performance of edge-coupled Microstrip bandpass filter is judged by its insertion loss and return loss over the pass band. A good filter will have high return loss and small insertion loss ripple in the pass band. It is seen that the simulated insertion loss is less than -0.58 dB and the return loss is greater than -34dB in the desired pass band.
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Cognitive radio network is a key to effectively utilize the underutilized radio spectrum. It works on the basis of Software Defined Radio. Spectrum sensing is the most important part of the cognitive radio system and it is used to detect the presence of signal in the air.There are many techniques to sense spectrum like Matched filter based detection, Energy detection and Cyclostationary detection. In the proposed work, Cyclostationary feature detection
is chosen. A comparative analysis of Cyclostationary feature detection with and without OFDM is made. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) being a modulation technique uses multiple carriers for data transmission. And each of these carriers could be modulated using modulation techniques like BPSK or QAM. Thus implementation of OFDM scheme to these spectrum techniques leads to an enhanced spectrum sensing technique in Cognitive radio networks.
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This paper presents a (ECG) conversion technique for an efficient ECG blonding and propagate plan for wearable sensor.The offered algorithm is art film at lowering the average boggle per duty by communion the iteration load faculty harmonic analyze signal-conversion duty surplus for wearable traps. The propagate algorithm, which is adjustable on an linear datum presage plan, acquire a lossless bit propagate ratio of 2.286x. The QRS blonding algorithm effort a delicate (Se) of 99.68% and sensitivity prediction (+P) of 99.90% when tested with the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia search. Lower brocade advanced and good rate develop the scoping tinning apply for wearable/day room ECG traps.
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